[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.contexo.cz\/na-pocatku-byla-hracka\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.contexo.cz\/na-pocatku-byla-hracka\/","headline":"Na po\u010d\u00e1tku byla hra\u010dka","name":"Na po\u010d\u00e1tku byla hra\u010dka","description":"U\u017e v\u00a0dob\u011b 400 let p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem stav\u011bli \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u00e9 mal\u00e9 helikopt\u00e9ry jako hra\u010dky, ale prvn\u00ed re\u00e1ln\u00fd pl\u00e1n pro stavbu helikopt\u00e9ry […]","datePublished":"2019-11-01","dateModified":"2023-05-03","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.contexo.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.contexo.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e5312f21b37eec0871f00feffaf403580ddf46c2d055479cc6723fb0100721f2?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e5312f21b37eec0871f00feffaf403580ddf46c2d055479cc6723fb0100721f2?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"contexo.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.contexo.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a361011_w3175_t1574522081.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.contexo.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a361011_w3175_t1574522081.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.contexo.cz\/na-pocatku-byla-hracka\/","about":["Technika"],"wordCount":433,"articleBody":"U\u017e v\u00a0dob\u011b 400 let p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem stav\u011bli \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u00e9 mal\u00e9 helikopt\u00e9ry jako hra\u010dky, ale prvn\u00ed re\u00e1ln\u00fd pl\u00e1n pro stavbu helikopt\u00e9ry jako dopravn\u00edho prost\u0159edku nakreslil a\u017e mal\u00ed\u0159 Leonardo da Vinci. Jeho n\u00e1pad byl zalo\u017een na p\u0159edstav\u011b k\u0159\u00eddla ve tvaru \u0161roubovice, kter\u00e1 vytv\u00e1\u0159ela tah sm\u011brem vzh\u016fru.Dnes jsou helikopt\u00e9ry pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nejv\u0161estrann\u011bj\u0161\u00edm l\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00edm strojem. Vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed se ve v\u0161ech velikostech, jsou schopny p\u0159ist\u00e1vat na vod\u011b i na sn\u011bhu. Vzl\u00e9taj\u00ed a p\u0159ist\u00e1vaj\u00ed sice vertik\u00e1ln\u011b, ale dok\u00e1\u017eou se i vzn\u00e1\u0161et bez hnut\u00ed ve vzduchu.Princip funkceOproti klasick\u00e9mu letadlu maj\u00ed vrtuln\u00edky m\u00edsto k\u0159\u00eddel jednu nebo v\u00edce sad ot\u00e1\u010div\u00fdch horizont\u00e1ln\u00edch list\u016f, kter\u00fdm se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u201elisty rotoru\u201c. Ty se to\u010d\u00ed tak vysokou rychlost\u00ed, \u017ee vytvo\u0159\u00ed vztlakovou s\u00edlu, kter\u00e1 t\u00e1hne stroj sm\u011brem vzh\u016fru. Rychlost rotoru nelze ov\u0161em zvy\u0161ovat do nekone\u010dna. Od ur\u010dit\u00e9 rychlosti toti\u017e v\u00fdkon rotoru kles\u00e1. Proto helikopt\u00e9ry l\u00e9taj\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed rychlost\u00ed 240 kilometr\u016f za hodinu, tedy podstatn\u011b pomaleji, ne\u017e letadla. Jejich obrovskou v\u00fdhodou je ov\u0161em ovladatelnost a fakt, \u017ee ke vzletu a p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed nepot\u0159ebuj\u00ed dr\u00e1hu (ranvej).Ovl\u00e1d\u00e1ni helikopt\u00e9ryAby helikopt\u00e9ra v\u016fbec mohla let\u011bt, mus\u00ed m\u00edt krom\u011b centr\u00e1ln\u00edho rotoru, tak\u00e9 ocasn\u00ed rotor. Jeho ot\u00e1\u010den\u00edm tak vznik\u00e1 opa\u010dn\u00e1 s\u00edla, kter\u00e1 zabra\u0148uje ot\u00e1\u010den\u00ed vrtuln\u00edku v\u00a0kruhu. Zm\u011bnou \u00fahlu list\u016f ocasn\u00edho rotoru se z\u00e1rove\u0148 m\u011bn\u00ed sm\u011br letu. Ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm centr\u00e1ln\u00ed vrtule tak pilot \u0159\u00edd\u00ed stoup\u00e1n\u00ed, kles\u00e1n\u00ed, let vp\u0159ed a let vzad. Ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm ocasn\u00edho rotoru let vlevo \u010di vpravo.Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed strojeSpeci\u00e1ln\u00edm vrtuln\u00edkem je tzv. \u201eautogiro\u201c. Jde o jakousi kombinaci letadla a vrtuln\u00edku. M\u00e1 vp\u0159edu vrtuli, kter\u00e1 jej \u017eene kup\u0159edu a sou\u010dasn\u011b m\u00e1 i klasickou sadu horizont\u00e1ln\u00edch vrtul\u00ed. Ty pom\u00e1haj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm p\u0159i startu, kdy tomuto hybridu dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed zdvih.Pro vojensk\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed i obrovsk\u00e9 stroje, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017eet cel\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 odd\u00edly, kompletn\u00ed vojenskou nemocnici \u010di obrn\u011bn\u00e9 vozy. Pr\u00e1v\u011b arm\u00e1dy v\u011bt\u0161iny zem\u00ed sv\u011bta vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed vrtuln\u00edky pro jejich schopnost vzn\u00e1\u0161et se ve vzduchu bez nutnosti p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed, kdy se voj\u00e1ci bu\u010f slan\u00ed, nebo jsou naopak vyta\u017een\u00ed na palubu.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4\/5 - (5 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Na po\u010d\u00e1tku byla hra\u010dka","item":"https:\/\/www.contexo.cz\/na-pocatku-byla-hracka\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]